The typical PDP-1 computer system, which sells for about $120,000, includes a cathode ray tube graphic display, paper tape input/output, needs no air conditioning and requires only one operator; all of which become standards for minicomputers. Subject. What feature of modern productivity tools makes it possible for files created in one software product to be opened in another software product? The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. selecting effective instructional software. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. Conceived in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. Designed by scientists and engineers at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is the culmination of years of work to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft computer from the size of seven refrigerators side-by-side to a compact unit weighing only 70 lbs. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. !" "The only app I use when I need to get down to business." What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. 2. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. D. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. There are many stand-alone utility programs available as an alternative to the operating system'sutility programs. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. Gene Amdahl, father of the IBM System/360, starts his own company, Amdahl Corporation, to compete with IBM in mainframe computer systems. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. server. User interface Get started for free! He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. Level. The basic idea for bombes came from Polish code-breaker Marian Rejewski's 1938 "Bomba.". The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. Dollars. Definition. Xerox wasnt interested. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. A special version, known as HARVEST, was developed for the US National Security Agency (NSA). Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. workstations. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. Wilkes' ideas grew out of the Moore School lectures he had attended three years earlier. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. The device was considered the earliest non-kit personal computer. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. The most ambitious massively parallel computer at the time, the ILLIAC IV was plagued with design and production problems. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. At the top of the line was the Model 7030, also known as "Stretch." Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. It has pre-programmed curricular material. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. He founded Sublogic after graduating from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1977, and released the first version of Flight Simulator for the Apple II in 1979. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. MITS co-founder Ed Roberts invented the Altair 8800 which sold for $297, or $395 with a case and coined the term personal computer. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? service packs. The Arduino used a Java-based integrated development environment and users could access a library of programs, called Wiring, that allowed for simplified programming. Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? true. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? The first stored-program computer to be built in continental Europe was the MESM, completed in the Soviet Union in 1950. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. Until recently, good microcomputer software for multimedia presentations was not available, but was much in demand by businesses. B. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. Accept data (input) 2. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. . Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. Harkening back to the hobbyist era of personal computing in the 1970s, Arduino begins as a project of the Interaction Design Institute, Ivrea, Italy. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. false. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of 'Baby'. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. The first VAIO, a desktop computer, featured an additional 3D interface on top of the Windows 95 operating system as a way of attracting new users. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. What is the function of an IEP generator? Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals for the new family. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. who's the real bad brad in molly's game, civ 6 desert wonders, how long does unopened spinach dip last,
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