Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). We might feel affinity toward people from our home town, a connection with those who attend our university, or commiserate with the experience of people who share our gender identity, religion, or ethnicity. a. desensitizing them to violent acts. This module focuses on biases against individuals based on group membership and against groups. This belief best illustrates: While visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian is said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." Understand biases such as social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. Representativeness Heuristic The tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. just-world phenomenon Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to the social world. Group-serving bias is the tendency to make more favorable attributions about our ingroups than our outgroups. Devine, P. G. (1989). An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. Draw a circle graph with this information. NIMBY, also spelled Nimby, in full Not in My Backyard or Not in My Backyard Phenomenon, a colloquialism signifying one's opposition to the locating of something considered undesirable in one's neighborhood. We commonly say that we should not label others but we cannot help but do so. Developed Social Learning Theory, where children learn through watching AND imitating actions. The scale, from Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), is shown in Table 12.2 "The Collective Self-Esteem Scale". Prejudice. What is faithful representation, and why is it important. Female 2: I can be hard to figure out Male 2: and I like my privacy. Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. credibility. The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Consequently, because of the absence of genuine feedback, Yosef is not able to progress like other trainees. The test itself is rather simple (and you can experience it yourselfhere). A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. d. father care. Basically, rumination . . maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m. A simple way to understand these mixed feelings, across a variety of groups, results from the Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence. b. As the world becomes more interconnectedmore collaborations between countries, more intermarrying between different groupsmore and more people are encountering greater diversity of others in everyday life. An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. This best illustrates: a. amygdala This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened. Specifically, people see members of an outgroup as more similar to one another in personality than they actually are. Whenever this person encounters a person that is both left-handed and creative, they place greater . model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components. a. deindividuation. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism. experiments were performed despite mass student protests against the research. One student admitted that he had once considered becoming an accountant but decided against it because "accountants are all boring number crunchers without an ounce of creativity." Also called the cross-race effct and the own-race . Cindy's reaction best illustrates, People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their, In an experiment by Dutton and Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. (b) Find the partial derivatives of the demand functions w.r.t. This might remind you of self-determination theory, with its focus on autonomy, relatedness, and competence. The phrase "not in my backyard," shortened to "NIMBY," seems to have appeared first in the mid-1970s. The groups are supporters of two rival political movements in Thailand and politically neutral subjects. Understand 21st century biases that may break down as identities get more complicated. It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. What are the demand functions in this case? a. Chinese people tend to look pretty much alike. Within the realm of personality psychology, the false-consensus effect does not have significant effects.This is because the false-consensus effect relies heavily on the social environment and how a person interprets this environment. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: "Teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. B) self-serving bias. The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. Conserves physiological arousal and excitement. For example, authoritarian leaders tend to allocate more national resources to members of their own tribe, religious sect, or political party. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. b. the bystander effect. (tn dn si) n., pl. Explaining behaviors based on outside factors influencing and individual. 3. What They are motivated by . High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of: The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. These blatant biases tend to run in packs: People who openly hate one outgroup also hate many others. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as ., The underlying reason why stereotype threat can undermine the performance of members of a group with respect to some ability is that the experience of stereotype threat fosters ., In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs . Membership. These two simple dimensionswarmth and competencetogether map how groups relate to each other in society. A) perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others. Historical examples abound. This statement best reflects the: Victoria is a fifth grader in Carson Elementary School. B) ingroup bias. For example, researchers have found that those who score higher on SDO are usually lower than average on tolerance, empathy, altruism, and community orientation. In-group favoritism is an ambiguous form of bias because it disfavors the outgroup by exclusion. b. deindividuation. divided her class into blue eyes and brown eyes to teach her kids about discrimination. Although the interviewer may not be blatantly biased, their automatic or implicit biases may be harmful to one of the applicants. Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: Distinguish blatant biases from subtle biases. According to these jurors, this case is best explained in terms of the: The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. Unit 23. Under the proper circumstances, most people can suppress their natural aggressiveness. Hanna overcriticizes him for minor errors. Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called, Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often, Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. frustration-aggression principle., The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: a. a social trap. This best illustrates the value of, Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. D) GRIT. How is it that entire groups of people were left out of political participation, justice, and freedom? Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. own: [verb] to have or hold as property : possess. University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. However, regardless of political ideology, RWA focuses on competing frameworks of values. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. c. deindividuation. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. These types of stereotypes were overt, unapologetic, and expected to be shared by otherswhat we now call blatant biases. They were generalizations about a group, since most of the college students did not interact with people from Turkey.
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